Objective: The goal of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate stigma and its related factors among the families of patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD) and Bipolar disorder (BD). Method: One-hundred patients were selected from each group by convenient sampling method. A self - administered 34 items questionnaire was the main tool for data collection. Results: This study showed that 49% of the schizophrenia group, 30% of the MDD group and 50.5% of the BD group were humiliated & discriminated by the others. There was a significant relationship between the patient's gender and rate of being humilated only in the MDD group. A significant relationship was observed between the duration of the disorder, number of hospitalization and rate of being humilated. There was a significant relationship between the number of hospitalization and the rate of stigmatization in the schizophrenia and MDD groups. The way the families of these patients expressed their patients' problems was significantly different as compared to the way used by the families of other patients. Conclusion: This study shows that a significant proportion of the psychiatric patients families suffer from stigmatization which in turn makes them feel ashamed of having such a patient. The type of psychiatric disorder and some of the demographic characteristics play a major role in this regard. Application of appropriate educational programs can be effective in increasing the community knowledge.

Background & Objectives: Family is an integrated and systematic unity, and any problem of one member engages the other family members. A disability or disorder in a family member usually has a profound impact on the family's system, as well as the quality of life and mental health of family members. Moreover, mothers are more involved with their children than fathers and play the role of parenting more than them; they are more exposed to psychological problems. In other words, caring for a physically or psychologically disordered member disrupts family life and devests the vitality and welfare of family members. Such an effect is even more significant in mothers, and accordingly influences the family’ s mental health status. To improve relationships, and in general, the mental health of the parents of children with mental disorders, providing training and psychological interventions could be effective on the quality of life of these individuals and their families. One of the programs that can be useful in this area is life skills training. Life skills are defined as abilities for adaptation, as well as positive attitudes and feedbacks that enable individuals to face the challenges and requirements of everyday life effectively. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the effects of life skills training on the mental health of mothers of children with mental disorders. Methods: This study was a quasi– experimental with a pretest– posttest and a control group design. The statistical population of this study consisted of mothers of children with mental disorders (autism and intellectual disabilities), referring to the Ahang Rehabilitation Center. In total, 30 mothers of children with mental disorders selected through the convenience sampling method. They randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received life skills training, but the control group received no intervention. The study groups were matched in terms of age and the duration of the marriage. The Symptom Checklist– 90 (SCL– 90) used to collect the required data. The validity and reliability of this test were confirmed in Iran by Bagheri Yazdi. In Bagheri Yazdi's study, the test’ s validity, one week after running the test, was calculated as 0. 97 by the test– retest method. The test’ s reliability is reported to be 0. 94. In this test, three indicators, including the general index of symptoms, the number of positive symptoms, and the level of positive symptoms’ discomfort, were calculated. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics of Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS. Results: The obtained data suggested a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of mental health in the components of physical complaints, obsession, anxiety, psychosis, aggression, and interpersonal sensitivity (p<0. 05). However, there was no significant difference in the components of depression, phobias, and paranoid between the study groups. Conclusion: The study findings indicated that with the assumption of pretest control, life skills training was effective on all mental health components of psychological symptoms except for depression, phobias, and paranoia. In other words, life skills training has a significant effect on anxiety, sensitivity in interpersonal relationships, psychosocial disorders, physical complaints, obsession, and aggression in the experimental group, compared to the controls.

The human society from far era to yet has no equal treat to mental offenders and the type of response to mentioned persons had been different proportionate to promotion in human knowledge. On epoch, mental disorder be assumed the persons who has the evil ghost and then enchases them on ships to search wisdom and knowledge. But, nowadays, in some societies the opinions is on that mental disorders, hinder the criminal responsibility and no that elimination of criminal responsibility; in Iran, the legislator/s also in a period had put the insanity and mental disorder in a same sort but in another period consider to proportionate disorder of understanding or the power of distinction or will and today also distinguishes the insane as a perpetrator of crime but without criminal responsibility.The present paper with analytical, comparative study, pay attention to this matter that mental disorders are vast sort which someone of them, made the person lack of responsibility and some other with partly responsibility and in some cases has no influence of persons. Also study this matter that the insanity mentioned in section 51 of Islamic criminal code of Iran has a difference with the concept and sense of insanity in psychologists and the legislator/s just pay attention to the level of insanity and no the sort of it.

The disorders that are known today as Schizophrenia, in the past they named insanity, so There has been misunderstanding of this disorder from ancient times.Nowadays it has been clear that Schizophrenia is a kind of severe mental disorder and it occurs at any age and in both sexes and in all caltures and Social classes. It’s Symptoms occurs inadolescence or early adult life. The persons, who suffere from this mental disorder, are sensitive to the difficulties of life.The main Symptoms of this disorder appear in all patient’s physical, mental and behavioral aspects. So that their emotions, thinkings, feelings, senses (vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch) and attitudes are affected by this disorder. the most symptoms of schizophrenia is illusion and delirium.

Serial killers pose a special problem for crime investigators because their motives are often far less obvious than those of the person who commits a single homicide. In most homicides, the victim somehow knew the killer, and that makes it easier to narrow down the list of possible suspects. This is not the case with serial killers; there is usually no easily determined relationship and so tracking down the killer is that much harder. The investigators need to know what it was about that particular person that attracted the killer. As such, officers must focus on the motivation of the serial killer and track him/her down that way. Mentally disordered offenders are overrepresented among homicide recidivists: those who go on killing again. For example, profiles of many serial killers show that many of them had suffered sever head injuries to the frontal lobe of their brain when they were children. If there is frontal lobe damage or abnormal activity in this region of the brain, there is an inability to make rational decisions. Neuroscientists have known that lesions to this part of the brain lead to severe deficits in violent behaviors. The authors of the present article deal with every factor which plays a role in shaping the mental state of a serial killer with focus on mental disorder. Psychological and biological causes, personality disorders which are responsible for shaping criminal motives, history of childhood development, senses of dominance and fantasy, and typology of serial killers are discussed in the present article.

Background and Aims The importance of participatory health governance has been acknowledged by the World Health Organization. Studies have shown the positive effects of participation in occupation-based intervention in patients with severe mental disorders, including schizophrenia, in outpatient and inpatient wards. The purpose of this article is to review the studies on occupation-based interventions in patients with severe mental disorders.Methods This is a narrative review study. A search for related articles was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, Scopus, OTseeker, PsycInfo databases using the keywords “severe mental disorder”, “serious mental illness”, “schizophrenia”, “Major depression disorder”, “Bipolar disorder”, “Occupational therapy”, Occupation”, and “Occupation-based intervention” without the time limitation. Titles and abstracts of 480 yielded articles were examined.Results Twelve articles were reviewed; Two were related to occupation-based interventions in psychiatric inpatients, five were related to occupation-based interventions in outpatients, and five were related to occupation-based interventions in both inpatients and outpatients. Among these articles, one studied the challenges of using occupation-based interventions.Conclusion It seems that occupation-based interventions in inpatients and outpatients with mental illness have been used more to reduce symptoms, and less attention has been paid to the effectiveness of these interventions in maintaining and or improving occupational performance in these patients. The Canadian model of occupational performance and the recovery framework have been used in the design of these interventions. To achieve better results in psychosocial rehabilitation where occupation-based interventions lead to an increase in quality of life, the challenges in this area should be solved.